MV485_v125/MV485/helper/ModbusRtuClient.cs

using Modbus.Device;
using Modbus.IO;
using MV485.model;
using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Threading;

namespace MV485.helper
{
    public class ModbusRtuClient
    {
        private SerialPort _serialPort;
        private PortModel _portModel;
        //private IModbusSerialMaster _modbusMaster;
        private ModbusSerialMaster _modbusMaster;
        private ModbusSerialTransport _modbusTransport;
        //private readonly byte _deviceAddress;
        //private byte _deviceAddress;

        private CancellationTokenSource _pollingTokenSource;           //轮询任务
        private CancellationTokenSource _connectionMonitorTokenSource;      //串口连接状态监控
        private Task _pollingTask;              //轮询任务
        private Task _connectionMonitorTask;    //串口状态任务
        private readonly object _lock = new object();
        private bool _isConnected;      //串口的连接状态

        //读写互斥锁
        private readonly SemaphoreSlim _modbusLock = new SemaphoreSlim(1, 1); // 允许一个操作执行

        //设备地址列表(0x01 ~0xF7)
        //private List<byte> _deviceAddresses = new List<byte>();
        private ConcurrentDictionary<byte, bool> _deviceAddresses;  // = new ConcurrentDictionary<byte, bool>();

        //private ConcurrentBag<byte> _deviceAddresses = new ConcurrentBag<byte>();

        //private readonly object _deviceLock = new object(); // 设备地址列表的锁
        private int _readIntervalSeconds;       //定时读取的间隔

        // 设备数据更新事件
        public event Action<WMData> DataReceived; 
        //事件:串口连接状态变化通知UI
        public event Action<ModbusRtuClient,bool> ConnectionStatusChanged;

        private byte[] sentData;        //发送到设备的数据
        private byte[] recvData;        //从设备接收的数据
       

        public ModbusRtuClient(List<byte> deviceAddresses, PortModel portModel)
        {
            //加入到线程安全的字典中
            _deviceAddresses = new ConcurrentDictionary<byte, bool>(
                deviceAddresses.ToDictionary(addr => addr, _ => true)
            );

            _portModel = portModel;            
            //_serialPort = new SerialPort(portModel.PortName, portModel.BaudRate, portModel.Parity, portModel.DataBits, portModel.StopBits);
        }

        public PortModel GetPortMode()
        {
            return _portModel;
        }

        //读取间隔
        public async void StartAsync(int intervalSeconds)
        {
            // 假设这个实例是 Modbus 相关的类的对象
            await StopAsync();  //先停止可能已有的任务

            _readIntervalSeconds = intervalSeconds;
            try
            {
                // 启动串口状态监控线程
                _connectionMonitorTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
                _connectionMonitorTask = Task.Run(() => MonitorConnectionLoop(_connectionMonitorTokenSource.Token));

                // 启动轮询线程（可能间隔很长）
                _pollingTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
                //_pollingTask = Task.Run(() => PollingLoop(_pollingTokenSource.Token));
                _pollingTask = Task.Run(() => PollingLoop(_pollingTokenSource.Token));  
                //.ContinueWith(t => Console.WriteLine($"Polling stopped: {t.Exception}"), TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnFaulted);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
            }
        }


        public async Task StopAsync()
        {
            // 取消轮询任务
            _pollingTokenSource?.Cancel();
            _connectionMonitorTokenSource?.Cancel();

            // 等待轮询任务完成
            if (_pollingTask != null)
            {
                try { await _pollingTask; } catch { }
            }
            if (_connectionMonitorTask != null)
            {
                try { await _connectionMonitorTask; } catch { }
            }

            // 释放 Modbus 资源
            _modbusMaster?.Dispose();
            _modbusTransport?.Dispose();

            // 关闭串口
            try
            {
                if (_serialPort?.IsOpen ?? false)
                {
                    _serialPort.Close();
                    UpdateConnectionStatus(false);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"关闭串口时发生错误: {ex.Message}");
            }
            finally
            {
                _serialPort?.Dispose();  // 确保串口资源最终被释放
            }
        }


        private async Task PollingLoop(CancellationToken token)
        {
            while (!token.IsCancellationRequested)
            {
                if (!_isConnected)
                {
                    await Task.Delay(1000, token);
                    continue;
                }

                List<byte> addresses = _deviceAddresses.Keys.ToList(); // 线程安全获取设备列表

                foreach (var device in addresses)
                {
                    await _modbusLock.WaitAsync(token);
                    try
                    {
                        WMData wmData = ReadWMData(device);
                        if (wmData != null)
                        {
                            DataReceived?.Invoke(wmData);
                        }
                    }
                    catch (Exception ex)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine($"读取设备 {device} 数据时发生错误: {ex}");
                    }
                    finally
                    {
                        _modbusLock.Release();
                    }

                    // 在每次设备读取后，检查是否取消任务
                    if (token.IsCancellationRequested)
                    {
                        return;
                    }                       
                }//for each

                // 改进延迟方式，支持任务取消
                //for (int i = 0; i < _readIntervalSeconds; i++)
                //{
                //    if (token.IsCancellationRequested) return;
                //    await Task.Delay(1000, token);
                //}
                await Task.Delay(_readIntervalSeconds * 1000, token);
            }//while
        }


        //监控串口状态的任务
        private async Task MonitorConnectionLoop(CancellationToken token)
        {
            while (!token.IsCancellationRequested)
            {
                if (!_serialPort?.IsOpen ?? true)
                {
                    TryReconnect();
                }
                await Task.Delay(1000, token);
            }
        }

        private void TryReconnect()
        {
            lock (_lock)
            {
                if (_serialPort?.IsOpen ?? false) return;

                try
                {
                    // 先释放已有资源
                    _serialPort?.Dispose();

                    _serialPort = new SerialPort(_portModel.PortName, _portModel.BaudRate, 
                        _portModel.Parity, _portModel.DataBits, _portModel.StopBits);
                    _serialPort.Open();
                    _modbusMaster = ModbusSerialMaster.CreateRtu(_serialPort);
                    _modbusTransport = (ModbusSerialTransport)_modbusMaster.Transport;
                    Console.WriteLine("串口重新连接成功");
                    UpdateConnectionStatus(true);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"串口连接失败: {ex.Message}");
                    UpdateConnectionStatus(false);
                }
            }
        }


        private void UpdateConnectionStatus(bool isConnected)
        {
            if (_isConnected != isConnected)
            {
                _isConnected = isConnected;
                ConnectionStatusChanged?.Invoke(this,isConnected);
            }
        }

        public WMData ReadWMData(byte deviceAddress)
        {
            WMData wmData = null;  // = new WMData();

            try
            {            
                // 读取保持寄存器功能码 0x03
                //ushort[] holdingRegisters = _modbusMaster.ReadHoldingRegisters(_deviceAddress, startAddress, numOfRegisters);
                // 读取输入寄存器功能码 0x04
                //ushort[] inputRegisters = _modbusMaster.ReadInputRegisters(_deviceAddress, startAddress, numOfRegisters);

                //// 读取累计流量（地址 40001-40004）
                //ushort[] flowRegisters = _modbusMaster.ReadHoldingRegisters(_deviceAddress, 0x00, 4);
                //uint totalFlow = (uint)(flowRegisters[0] << 48 | flowRegisters[1] << 32 | flowRegisters[2] << 16 | flowRegisters[3]);

                //// 读取采样时间（地址 40005-40010）
                //ushort[] timeRegisters = _modbusMaster.ReadHoldingRegisters(_deviceAddress, 0x04, 6);
                //int year1 = timeRegisters[0];
                //int month1 = timeRegisters[1];
                //int day1 = timeRegisters[2];
                //int hour1 = timeRegisters[3];
                //int minute1 = timeRegisters[4];
                //int second1 = timeRegisters[5];

                //改为同时读取采样信息(包括流量和时间)(流量和时间也可以分开去读)
                ushort[] sampleRegisters = _modbusMaster.ReadHoldingRegisters(deviceAddress, 0x00, 10);
                printModbusSRData("流量+采样时间");

                //uint totalFlow = (uint)(sampleRegisters[0] << 48 | sampleRegisters[1] << 32 | sampleRegisters[2] << 16 | sampleRegisters[3]);
                ulong totalFlow = ((ulong)sampleRegisters[0] << 48) |
                  ((ulong)sampleRegisters[1] << 32) | ((ulong)sampleRegisters[2] << 16) | sampleRegisters[3];

                int year = sampleRegisters[4];
                int month = sampleRegisters[5];
                int day = sampleRegisters[6];
                int hour = sampleRegisters[7];
                int minute = sampleRegisters[8];
                int second = sampleRegisters[9];

                //D2为模块名称
                ushort[] modelNameRegisters = _modbusMaster.ReadHoldingRegisters(deviceAddress, 0xD2, 1);
                printModbusSRData("模块名称");

                ushort modelName = modelNameRegisters[0];       //一个寄存器的内容

                //D4~D5固件版本号
                ushort[] firewareRegisters = _modbusMaster.ReadHoldingRegisters(deviceAddress, 0xD4, 2);
                printModbusSRData("固件版本");
                //uint fireware = (uint)firewareRegisters[0] << 16 | firewareRegisters[1];
                string mcuVer = $"{(firewareRegisters[0] & 0xFF).ToString("D2")}." +
                    $"{(firewareRegisters[1] >> 8).ToString("D2")}." +
                    $"{(firewareRegisters[1] & 0xFF).ToString("D2")}";

                //E5~E7读取SN
                ushort[] snRegisters = _modbusMaster.ReadHoldingRegisters(deviceAddress, 0xE5, 3); // 读取 3 个寄存器
                printModbusSRData("设备SN");
                // 解析 BCD 码
                string deviceSn = Tools.SNBcdToString(snRegisters);
                Console.WriteLine("设备序列号: " + deviceSn);

                //F0模块ID,即站地址
                ushort[] slaveAddressRegisters = _modbusMaster.ReadHoldingRegisters(deviceAddress, 0xF0, 1);
                printModbusSRData("模块ID");
                byte slaveAdress = (byte)(slaveAddressRegisters[0] & 0xFF);

                var modbusData = new WMData
                {
                    //DeviceAddress = deviceAddress,
                    TotalFlow = totalFlow / 10, // 单位转换
                    SampleTime = new DateTime(2000 + year, month, day, hour, minute, second),
                    ModelName = "0X" + modelName.ToString("X4"),
                    McuVer = mcuVer,
                    DeviceSn = deviceSn,
                    SlaveAddress = slaveAdress,
                };
                wmData = modbusData;
            }
            catch(Exception ex)
            {
                //读取数据错误
                //Console.WriteLine($"读取设备数据 {_deviceAddress} 数据时发生错误: {ex.Message}");
                throw;
            }

            return wmData;
        }


        public RS485Config ReadRS485Config(byte deviceAddress)
        {
            RS485Config rS485Config = null;

            try
            {
                //不允许连读
                //F2~F4 (波特率、校验和、停止位)(可读可写)--设备的参数
                ushort[] baudRateTypeRegisters = _modbusMaster.ReadHoldingRegisters(deviceAddress, 0xF2, 1);
                printModbusSRData("波特率");
                byte bauddRateType = (byte)(baudRateTypeRegisters[0] & 0xFF);
                //F3
                ushort[] parityCheckTypeRegisters = _modbusMaster.ReadHoldingRegisters(deviceAddress, 0xF3, 1);
                printModbusSRData("校验位");
                byte parityCheckType = (byte)(parityCheckTypeRegisters[0] & 0xFF);
                //F4(这一位,MCU程序中并未起作用)
                ushort[] stopbitsTypeRegisters = _modbusMaster.ReadHoldingRegisters(deviceAddress, 0xF4, 1);
                printModbusSRData("停止位");
                byte stopbitsType = (byte)(stopbitsTypeRegisters[0] & 0xFF);

                var configData = new RS485Config()
                {
                    BaudRateType = bauddRateType,
                    ParityCheckType = parityCheckType,
                    StopBitsType = stopbitsType
                };
                rS485Config = configData;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"读取设备参数 {deviceAddress} 数据时发生错误: {ex.Message}");
            }

            return rS485Config;
        }


        //设置设备地址或模块ID
        public async Task<bool>  SetModleID(byte oldAddress,ushort newAddress)
        {
            // 判断 newAddress 是否已存在
            if (_deviceAddresses.ContainsKey((byte)newAddress))
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"地址 {newAddress} 已存在");
                return false;
            }

            // 发送 Modbus 命令修改地址
            bool blResult = await WriteSingleRegister(oldAddress, 0xF0, newAddress);
            printModbusSRData("更改模块地址");

            // 如果成功，更新设备地址
            if (blResult)
            {
                if (_deviceAddresses.TryRemove(oldAddress, out _)) // 先删除旧地址
                {
                    _deviceAddresses.TryAdd((byte)newAddress, true); // 添加新地址
                }
            }

            return blResult;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 写入单个寄存器，同时保证不会和轮询冲突
        /// </summary>
        public async Task<bool> WriteSingleRegister(byte deviceAddress, ushort registerAddress, ushort value)
        {
            if (!_isConnected)
            {
                await Task.Delay(1000);
            }

            if (!_isConnected || !_serialPort.IsOpen) return false;

            try
            {
                await _modbusLock.WaitAsync();      //获取锁，等待读取完成
                _modbusMaster.WriteSingleRegister(deviceAddress, registerAddress, value);
                // 这里是写入 Modbus 寄存器的逻辑
                Console.WriteLine($"写入寄存器 {registerAddress} 值 {value}");
                return true;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"写入寄存器失败: {ex.Message}");
                return false;
            }
            finally
            {
                _modbusLock.Release();
            }
        }


        // 添加设备（线程安全）
        public void AddDevice(byte address)
        {
            _deviceAddresses[address] = true;
        }


        // 移除设备（线程安全）
        public void RemoveDevice(byte address)
        {
            _deviceAddresses.TryRemove(address, out _);
        }

        // 获取当前设备列表（线程安全）
        public List<byte> GetDeviceList()
        {
            return _deviceAddresses.Keys.ToList();
        }

        //打印Modbus收发数据
        private void printModbusSRData(string dataName)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(dataName + ":");
            // 获取最后一次的发送和接收数据
            sentData = _modbusTransport.GetLastSentData();
            recvData = _modbusTransport.GetLastReceivedData();
            string sendDataHex = BitConverter.ToString(sentData).Replace("-", " ");
            string recvDataHex = BitConverter.ToString(recvData).Replace("-", " ");
            Console.WriteLine(sendDataHex);
            Console.WriteLine(recvDataHex);
        }
    }
    //---------------------------------------------------------------------
}